Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Malaysia

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Malaysia Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) implied that the firms consideration of, and response to, issues beyond the narrow economic, technical and legal requirements of the firm and to accomplish social benefits along with the traditional economic gains which the firms seek.(Husted 2003). The inception and framework of CSR was first created by the European Union in promoting the CSR to the environment and society that is related to business. European Commission (2001) defined CSR as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis that by developing awareness and responsibility that leads to enhance the success of the business. CSR implementation can be divided in two areas which are Internal and external. In internal area, CSR practices basically deals with the people that are related to the business internally such as employees and any other issues that is involved to the management of the production and resources such as safety environment and health assurance in investing in human capital. On the other hand, in external area, the socially responsibilities involved a large range of stakeholders to the company business such as suppliers, customers, government and shareholders. CSR is defined as open and transparent business practices that are based on ethical values and respect for the community, employees, the environment, shareholders and other stakeholders. It is designed to deliver sustainable value to society at large. CSR supports Triple Bottom Line reporting which emphasizes the economic, social and environmental bottom-line wellness. CSR goes beyond compliance to laws. And we wish to emphasizes this. It is important to avoid a legalistic way of thinking when considering CSR. There is no universal approach to CSR. Companies are free to adopt what suits them. However there are some basic concepts that cut across all definitions and these should be considered in crafting a companys CSR vision. CSR is not about compliance or philanthropy or public relations. It often involves cultural transformation in a company as it integrates CSR concepts into its operations and decision making. Vitally, CSR involves communicating the companys actions to its stakeho lders and encouraging their feedback. Only in this way can a company have a dynamic and relevant CSR vision. Literature Review In Malaysia, the disclosure of CSR on annual report is voluntary. The choice of social issues disclosed tends to reflect the Malaysian Governments priority or the particular obligations which companies have. Corporate Social Disclosure (CSD) may have the potential to strengthen stakeholder relationships as reporting promotes corporate transparency and instills greater confidence and trust amongst stakeholders. CSD represents an additional channel for engaging stakeholders in a dialogue, and it enables companies to identify and address key issues of concern to their stakeholders. CSR disclosure has been the subject of substantial academic accounting research (Farook and Lanis 2005; Gray, Owen and Maunders 1987), however, while there has been research relating to annual reports in general, little has been undertaken focusing on CSR disclosure by PLCs, which can influence many people in society, view their social responsibility, and if indeed they discharge their social accountability b y voluntarily disclosing CSR information (Gray, Kouhy and Lavers 1995). Announcement of YAB Prime Ministers Budget 2007 has stated the requirement for all Public Listed Company (PLC) to disclose any CSR activities in the Company Annual Report and to adopt and manage the CSR activities in their own business practices. There is also stated the Bursa Malaysias CSR framework for PLCs guideline in promoting CSR practices. Bursa Malaysia CSR framework has outlined 3 critical elements in CSR practice. The first element is the establishment framework created from the national policies and aspirations, so that the establishment of CSR is towards to national goals and objectives. The second element is the flexibility of the disclosure framework. PLCs are required to disclose CSR statement in the company annual report. The framework gives opportunity to PLCs to practice CSR in their own creativity and action as they manage the best action for the company. Lastly, this framework is not just a step by step prescription but it is a guideline for the PLCs in promoting CSR practices. This is important for the company to establish efficient CSR practices and policies. Every PLCs need to create their own creative and effective CSR practices relevance to the framework guidelines. The Bursa Malaysia CSR Framework looks at 4 main focal areas for CSR practice. They are the environment, the workplace, the community and the marketplace, in no order of priority. In the environment area, CSR focus on a variety of issues such as the use of energy on how the company allocates its usage effectively and to reduce any damages that can adverse effect to environment. In the community area, the relation of the company and the community is a two way communication. For example supporting employee involvement in community issues enriches the community and the company. Companies can be creative in looking at how they can contribute to children, youth development and the under-privileged. The opportunities for company interaction with the community are vast. In the marketplace area, the important stakeholders such as shareholders, suppliers, and customers can be identified so that companies can interact responsibly with this group in a number of ways, such as raising the standar ds of Corporate Governance within the company so that it meets shareholder expectations is a further consideration. Lastly, is in the workplace area. Employees are drawn from society and so everything that related to staff needs to be socially responsible, whether we are dealing with basic human rights or gender issues. A quality work environment and health safety are obvious considerations in inculcating in the employees and the values which the company holds dear if the CSR is practiced in that company. A company should focus on areas such as economic, environmental and social when developing sustainability strategy (Szekely Knirsch 2005). Sustainability strategy development can be based on legitimacy, economic and social theories. These theories explain social disclosures pattern by organizations (Haniffa Cooke 2005) and thus, practicing of CSR. Legitimacy theory is whereby corporate social disclosures were motivated by the corporate need to legitimize activities (Hogner 1982). This is where corporate management will react to community expectations (Guthrie Parker, 1989). Thus, companies are expected to carry out activities that are acceptable by the community. Corporate social disclosure can be used to appease some of the concerns of the relevant publics and also as a proactive legitimation strategy to obtain continued inflows of capital and to please ethical investors (Haniffa Cooke 2005). Second, economic theory reflects the degree of association of CSR and financial perform ance by taking consideration of cost-related advantages, market advantages and reputation advantages (Chamhuri Wan Noramelia 2004). In the business, CSR is concerned with employment, lifelong learning, consultation and participation of workers, equal opportunities and integration of people towards restructuring and industrial change to promote quality and diversity in the workplace and health and safety strategy. Lastly, the social issues include the benefits offered in terms of training related to safety, health and environment, donations, education scheme, medical benefits and others. (Chamhuri Wan Noramelia 2004). Environmental issues emphasize on preserving and conserving natural resources such as conducting recycling activities, water and process treatment and compliance with authority regulations and requirements. Many enterprises recognized the importance of their responsibilities towards the environment and take them seriously by setting targets for continually improving t heir performance while ensuring the compliance with all relevant legislation. Organizations also have a range of impacts on the communities within which they operate and in at least some measures, disclosed these issues in their own CSR reports and information. CSR social activities may include charitable contributions to local and national organizations such as fundraising, donations and gifts in areas where it trades and others like regeneration of deprived communities, reclamation of derelict land and creation of new regeneration jobs. Development of strategies and programs on social and environmental issues enabled firms to gain close relationship with community. Firms could take initiatives by conducting campaigns, seminars, workshops and giving donation to the society. This way enables a company to meet its CSR commitment and indirectly acts as a marketing and promotional strategy. As the result, higher market share can be obtained, which lead to higher revenues from larger sales. Policies, strategies and programs that are associated with social activities can be used to indicate the level of CSRs commitment of an organization. Organizations too, need to meet the customers demand and expectations. As to maintain good relationship and attract more customers, enterprises are taking initiatives to fulfill the demand of providing such information. For instance, eco-labeling is a way of communicating organizations social responsibility to public. Besides, CSR is also concerned with employment, equal opportunities and integration of people towards restructuring and industrial change. Employees who feel protected and appreciated will increase their productivity in production and thus, achieving economies of scale. Comparable in CSR Perspective of KFC Holdings (M) Bhd PJ Development Holdings Bhd KFC Holdings (M) Bhd KFC Holdings take into account the priority of CSR by continuing put a great emphasis on conducting business in a responsible and ethical way. From improvement on their products and services to helping the communities in which they operate, they continue to seek out ways to enrich the responsibility to their stakeholders. In ways of strengthening local communities, promoting equal opportunities in the workplace, developing human capital, enhancing customers experience and improving the lives around the company. The Board and management at KFCH will continue to adhere to the values of responsibility, integrity and compassion in all areas of our business. In doing so, they are determined to make a positive contribution to society while building confidence and goodwill among stakeholders. To achieve this they adhere to wide-ranging Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs spread out over six pillars. These are, to champion the Halal cause, to improve educational standards, to encourage entrepreneurial development, to promote a healthy lifestyle, to foster a sense of national unity, and to help the less fortunate. KFCH has disclosed their CSR activities in Annual Report 2009 by following the 4 main local area as stated by Bursa Malaysias CSR Frameworks. The first area is community. KFCH remains committed towards giving, whenever the opportunity arises, to anyone in need of a helping hand and recently, KFCH proposed the incorporation of Yayasan Amal Bistari, a corporate foundation which will be the means through which CSR activities, endeavours and programmes of all KFCH entities and brands are carried out. Projek penyayang is held by giving KFC to the less fortunate, the elderly and orphans throughout Malaysia, every quarter of the year. KFCH also held Walk For Charity and giving aid where needed in support of Hunger Relief 2009. KFCH, Johor Corporation and Bistari young entrepreneur Sdn Bhd (Bye), the developers and marketeers of Catur Bistari, signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) that will allow KFC to sell the Cilik Bistari board game, a simplified version of Catur Bistari for younger children, at all its outlets. The KFC sailing team raced alongside other competitors at every regatta organized by the Malaysian yacht Associatio n. Elsewhere, KFC futsal teams competed with the best in the JKing Futsal Challenge Johor 2009, as well as i-Futsal championship organized by Harian Metro. KFC also involved with International Kite Festival in Pasir Gudang, Johor and Bintulu, Sarawak. KFCH also held Annual Buka Puasa session at Ayamas Port Klang in 2009 and saw a turnout of over 2,500 employees and were joined by 400 orphans who received goodie bags and food from KFC and RasaMas. KFCH had the privilege of sponsoring two episodes of Tijarah Ramadhan, a television program dedicated to featuring companies which donate to the underprivileged. Second area is marketplace. KFCH interacts and communicate with customers, suppliers, governmental and non-governmental bodies and observe how corporate initiatives and products affect the communities and the environment. Marketplace CSR initiatives include programs towards improving Halal standards and building future entrepreneurs. KFCH participated in the World Halal Forum, which participation was in the form of sponsorship and product showcase. KFCH once again participated in Malaysias largest food and beverage exhibition and the worlds largest international Halal trade fair by setting up a booth and promoting Halal certified products and services to the thousands of visitors from all over the world. KFCH also participate in Halal Food Standards Realisation (Hafstar) event organized throughout the country to promote Malaysian Halal Standards and to regularise and discuss the standard procedures of handling, processing and storing of food based on Shariah and Malaysian Standards. The Gerak Usahawan Siswa initiative was undertaken in the hope of imparting an interest in business and entrepreneur development amongst university students. The Group collaborates with the Bistari Young Entrepreneur Sdn Bhd in mentorship programmes and educational lectures that help develop young Malaysian entrepreneurial talents. This includes the Tunas Bistari, Didik Bistari and Siswa Bistari Entrepreneur Programmes. The third area is workplace. KFCH has more than 18,000 employees go to work every day striving to be the best in the business. KFCH implement varios of activities to create individuals who are the best-in-class in their awareness, capability, proficiency and drive for success. KFCH implement Pedoman 2009, the annual event to appreciate their employees loyalty and effort. The one day event was attended by all Restaurant Managers from KFC, Pizza Hut, RasaMas and Kedai Ayamas, as well as support staff from all over the country. KFC and Pizza Hut organized the National Champs Challenge in Kuala Lumpur with the best of the best from Restaurant Managers and staff coming together to play off intensely in the final rounds, competing to emerge as National Champions and represent Malaysia at the Regional Champs Challenge. KFCH also carried out the Management Associated Program to recruit new graduates who have now become part of our permanent staff. KFCH also held annual Hari Mekar competition as teams from throughout the Group battled it out in various categories in an effort to be crowned the Overall Champions. The winners then represented KFCH at the Grand Finals of Hari Mekar organised by Johor. The last area is the environment. KFCH conscious of the responsibility towards the environment and as such have taken steps to understand and minimize the impact of ther business on the environment without compromising operational standards or shareholder value. A major environmental challenge that has been undertaken continues to be in the area of waste water management. This waste water management measure has been undertaken by KFCH plants that have problems with waste water such as Ayamas Port Klang, Ayamas Bandar Tenggara, Johor, Bakery Outlet at Kompleks KFC Glenmarie and Region Food Industries. These KFC plants and outlets have been treats the final discharge waste water in compliance with the DOE Standard for discharge. KFCH also agreed with proposed treatment process will use the Biological Treatment System, which uses a UASB (Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed) and AICAR (Alternative Intermittent Cyclic Reactor) and also using a chemical and bio treatment continuous processor, the plant treats 250 cubic meters per day. PJ Development Holdings Bhd On the other hand, PJHD outlined the CSR events in their annual report 2009. These CSR activities are Bukit Bintang Central Gotong Royong, Charity Christmas Carolers, Charity Outreach Project to Trinity Childrens Centre, Christmas Cheer with House of Joy, Beach Gotong Royong, Mooncake Festival Celebration, Earth Day, Turtle Conservation Week, PJD Green the Day, PJD Kids, Tree Planting, Charity Buka Puasa, Blood Donation Drives and Provision of Garbage Compactor Recycle Bins. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities for PJD Group have become more focused in the last financial year under review. PJDH efforts in becoming a more responsible corporate citizen have led us to contribute more towards the well-being of the community surrounding us. In community area, PJDH held activities such as outings and festive cheers with orphanages continue to be on each of our divisions CSR agenda. On a Group basis, they organized an outing with 4 orphanages, namely the Sinthamani Divine Life Ashram, Rumah Amal Baitul Kasih, Lifesprings Childrens Welfare Home and Good Samaritan Home and other charity drives raising over RM40,000. In workplace area, the Group also organized several Blood Donation Drives throughout all its office locations nationwide. The blood donation drives conducted at our head office, branches, factory and hotels were well participated by employees, friends and public alike and that will be a regular activity on PDH CSR agenda. In environment are, the Group still maintains its CSR programs to protect the environment such as provision of garbage and recycle bins, recycling rain water, recycling excess concrete in our construction sites and championing the localized version of the United Nations Local Agenda 21 Waste Management Project within the Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur area and Green Tree Planting Day. PJD Group now has an internal CSR portal where all CSR activities are shared amongst all office locations. Given the fantastic response, this portal has proven its role in encouraging employees to contribute ideas toward developing initiatives that benefit the Group and its stakeholders in line with our CSR slogan, Together We Build a Brighter Future. Conclusion Both of the company fulfilled the CSRs frameworks as stated by the Bursa Malaysia which are the environment, the workplace, the community and the marketplace except for PJDH that did not disclosed any marketplace area of CSR

Food Adulteration Essay

In our daily life there are so many unhygienic and contaminated things for our health. Most of our things our contaminated. Even the food, which we eat, is adulterated. Now a question arises that what is adulteration? The answer is that the deliberate contamination of food material with low quality, cheap and non-edible or toxic substances is called food adulteration. The substance, which lowers or degrades the quality of food material, is called an adulterant. Adulteration brings a lot of easy money for the traders, but it may spoil many lives. Food adulteration can lead to slow poisoning and various kinds of diseases, which can even result in death. Adulteration makes the food items used in our daily life unsafe and unhygienic for use. An easy example of food adulteration is vanaspati ghee in desi ghee. The traders use it for their economic benefit without thinking about its effect on the common population of our country, which consumes it. For preventing it our government has made some certain commissions and laws. Still it prevails in our country on large scale. Adulteration should be checked properly in common food items so as to save people from its bad effects. Adulteration is the government and we for the common people therefore something should do a type of curse against it. Types of Food Adulteration In India, the most common type of food adulterations is of following types: 1. Milk :- It is adulterated by the addition of water, starch, skim milk powder and removal of cream. 2. Ghee :- It is adulterated with vanaspati and animal fats such as pig’s fat. In order to improve the flavor of adulterated ghee tributyrin is added. 3. Cereals :- Rice and wheat are mixed with stones sand grit and mud to increase the bulk. 4. Flour :- Wheat flour is mixed with soapstone and Bengal gram flour is adulterated with Kesari dal or lathyrus flour. 5. Pulses :- They are adulterated with Kesari Dal stones are added to pulses such as mott urad, and masoor. Toxic chemical such as metanil yellow are added to old stocks of pulses to improve their colour appearance. 6. Edible Oil :- They are mixed with cheaper oil, toxic oil (e.g. argemone oil) and mineral oil. 7. Honey :- It is adulterated with sugar and jaggery. Material required 1. Glass Wares : †¢ Test Tube, Beaker, Slides 2. Food Samples. †¢ Ghee, Milk, Oil, Pulses samples. 3. Chemical Required †¢ Conc. HCl., Conc. Nitric Acid. 4. Test Tube stand. Procedure for detection the Adulteration in the food Items Adulteration in the food material can be detected in the following ways. 1. Vanaspti in Ghee :- Took one tea spoon full of liquid ghee. Added equal quantity of conc. HCl shook this mixture in a test tube. Now added a pinch of common sugar. Shook it well for about one minute and then allowed it to stand for 5 minute and observed the result. 2. Water in milk sample:- Put a drop of sample milk on a plain slide. Tittled  the slide and observed the result. 3. Agremone oil in edible oil :- Took some amount of edible oil in a test tube. Poured 3-4 drops of conc nitric acid. Shook it well and observed the result. 4. Metanil yellow in Dal :- Took 5 gms of sample. Add 5ml of water and a few drops of dil. HCl and observed the result. Observation Table-A:- Detection of vanaspati in ghee Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Ghee A Sample+Conc. + + + HCl + Sugar Crimson colour in lower layer of the mixture 2. Ghee B -do- + + 3. Ghee C -do- – Table-B:- Detection of water in Milk Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Milk A Sample on a + plain slide + titled the slide 2. Milk B -do- + + 3. Milk C -do- + + + Table-C:- Detection of metanil yellow in dal Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Pulse A 5gm of sample + + + 5ml of water + Pink colour Conc. HCl appearance 2. Pulse B -do- – 3. Pulse C -do- – Table-D:- detection of Argemone oil in edible oil Sr.No. Sample Procedure Observation 1. Edible Oil A 5 ml Sample + + + + 3 drops of Reddish Brown conc. HNO3 colour 2. Edible Oil B -do- + + 3. Edible Oil C -do- + Conclusions In Table A [Detection of Vanaspati in Ghee] Ghee A : It gives most positive test, hence is most adulterated. Ghee B : It gives more positive test, hence is more adulterated. Ghee C : It gives negative test, hence is not adulterated. In Table B [Detection of Water in Milk] Milk A : It gives positive test to small extant hence is least adulterated. Milk B : It gives more positive test, hence is more adulterated. Milk C : It gives most positive test, hence is most adulterated. In Table C [Detection of Metanil Yellow in Dal] Pulse A : It gives positive test, hence is adulterated. Pulse B : It gives most negative test, hence is not adulterated. Pulse C : It gives more negative test, hence is not adulterated. In Table D [Detection of Argemone Oil in Edible Oil] Edible Oil A : It gives most positive test, hence is most adulterated. Edible Oil B : It gives more positive test, hence is more adulterated. Edible Oil C : It gives positive test to small extent, hence is least adulterated.

The Hypnopaedic Slogan Asks, Should there be Hardship and...

The hypnopaedic slogan conditioned on the society â€Å"everybody is happy now† causes the reader to question whether it is better to go through life just being happy or to have the ability to experience the hardships and misery of a true life (Huxley 77). As Bernard Marx and Helmholtz Watson observe the society, they realize their opposition of simulated happiness and their yearning for feeling. Through the understanding of the corrupt society and their own beliefs, the men begin to understand who they are and what matters to them to rise above the power of the world controllers. The society members controlled by decisions made by external forces, are unable to decipher their place within the world, but are content with being happy. The citizens don’t comprehend any sense of difficulty because they lack the ability to understand or maintain control of anything other than their designated job. The hypnopaedic slogans provide security and particulars to the people to all ow them to find solace in complete happiness. As the slogans create a way to communicate, the people rely on their ability to not formulate their own thoughts, but to apply their conditioning to their every day lives. The World State’s motto, â€Å"Community, Identity, Stability,† forces the people to give up their identity for the sake of the community and stability to live under complete control (15). The society not only relies on the solidity of the hypnopaedia, but the ability of soma to create a

We Need Clean Drinking Water Pollution - 2538 Words

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As a result, nearly 1.2 billion people inherent a gr eater probability to obtain a health problem by consuming unclean water (Population Institute, 2010, page 2). Currently, the water crisis is found in developing and developed countries. However, water sanitation and water scarcity is predominantly evident in developing states. To combat such issues, many developing countries have adopted public utilities that privatize water. By description, water privatization is given by municipal or national governments to private companies to control and maintain waterShow MoreRelatedThe Pollution Of Water Pollution1474 Words   |  6 PagesSea Water Pollution I. Title Water pollution has many different meanings, in most cases it is when one or more material builds up in the water causing a problem for people and/ or animals. Water pollution is one of the world’s largest problems that we are facing today. Everyone in this world is affect by the earth’s water. 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Self Assessment IIi And Vi - 1023 Words

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Technology and Modern Age Free Essays

Sunday for me is the gloomiest part of the week. I always feel I am missing about an hour of sleep and still, somewhere in my sub consciousness. I have to face the dilemma of what to do for the coming hours as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Modern Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being at the transitional state of dream and reality, it would help me to be more creative if the selection of activities is less limited. The option includes the way the Modern Age generate happiness and the Purposeful Leisure. One of the most popular is the way done by the Modern Age since it gives us a wide selection and various inventions to choose from. For people with a gaming instinct, the choice is plentiful. For instance Computer Games develop by every generation have conquer the minds of teenagers. An example is a Warcraft Game made by Icefrog, consisting of different characters possessing skills and can be strengthen by the use of magical things. Computers now are very innovative that its content is advance and unique. It can finish a pile of works in an hour without numerous errors, unlike the past years which requires a lot of effort to have your projects and assignments be done. For a person who’s up for fighting, Arcade Games were made to make them feel as they were the warrior fighting for a prize. Arcade Games are commonly made as survival test; it may be a survival from Zombies, Militaries, Dinosaurs and many more. For lame people who still find time to play, PSP is very suitable, since it is not as big as Computers and Arcade machines. PSP can be downloaded with different games and can be played wherever you are. Another option that might satisfy one’s boredom is PURPOSEFUL LEISURE perhaps not as popular as MODERN AGE way but just as fun to do; this activity does not fall in the â€Å"killing time† category. It does however, command the respect of other activity, it is healthy and known to lower the calories level. Going out to make window shopping is much interesting than spending your money on repeat gaming. Having a youth camp on mountains or just simply playing Local games gives us the simplest and cheapest way of having fun. As I think of the two options, I guess Sunday’s of mine must be spending wisely. I may not like the Purposeful Leisure since it doesn’t have much excitement, but I know that it will make me healthy. I may love the Modern Age since it gives me new challenges but I will still prevent myself from getting addicted to it since it weakens the body’s immune system. On the year 1994, Modern Age has begun, Innovations and various inventions started to create names in public. Science and Technology has made a long way on the society. Even adults are engaged to the technological advancement. Changes are so fast and all of us need to adapt quickly. Using Technologies is very efficient. We don’t have to spend a lot of money and we don’t need to give a lot of power to finish a work. On the other hand, it is not difficult for some of us to be amused, even you are at home or on the middle of a vacation trip, you can still find time to relax by just moving your hands and by the focus of your eyes and mind. Despite the numerous values of technology, many oppose scientific process on ethical grounds. The researchers in the field of newly inventions face scrutiny from many advocacy groups because technology is seen as violating one’s fundamental environment principles. The current debate lies on major questions about the relationship between Science and Technology and Purposeful Leisure. What could be its psychological and societal implications to an individual? Since we have the ability to make advancement, we had better think hard about the kind of life we want. Technology has tremendous power to do good if properly used. The issues are complex. The lesson of history is that whatever is possible will be tried somewhere by someone at some time but this is no excuse for sitting back. We need to decide based on principles that the whole community can support and understand. We individuals have a vital role to play. I would like to give my reaction on the Sample Essay no. entitled Leisure and Modern Age. It stated that the Modern Age has offered humanity various inventions and technology advancement which have made our lives so progressive. Well, I agree with that, as I observe the society, people were allure by the new inventions and creations. Eyes are staring at computer monitors, ears are suited with headphones, and hands are busy pressing buttons and body is movin g consistently. The next part is how these things failed to provide humanity with more quality leisure time. Since, we spend our time on improving our gaming skills than making ourselves healthy. We have loss our mind-set that we still need to take concentration on our wellness. Most illness were get due to lack of nutrients, this happened when we engaged our energy in unworthy things. And technology is one of that unworthy things that weakens our immune system. I can say that it is okay to find Leisure on Technologies, but it is not good to get addicted and forget the real essence of why these inventions were made. Since some of the creations were made to help people become more efficient and not to make people become dependent. Because some people were very dependent to these creations, they occupy their time just to improve on games, failing them to recall about more important things. They forget about wellness which is much needed that having an accomplished work at technologies’influence. â€Å"Use technology, but don’t let Technology use you. † I remember this words said by an American psychology Professor on Youtube. We are now living in a modern age bringing us various ways to make our life much easier than before, less money to spend with and less energy to deal with. Tiring days is not an issue no more, finding time to rest is stress-free. But how good is it to have this kind of lifestyle, where communication is fast as airwaves, where task can be quickly performed in just a short span of time. Does it take the pressure when someone’s in a hurry? What are the effects of Modern Age especially on how we find time to relax? There are several effects of technology in human health, environment, animals, plants and earth. Technology can affect our health in many ways with both short term and long term effects. The extent to which an individual is harmed by technology usually depends on the total exposure to the damaging contents. Short term includes irritation of eyes and sudden stroke of muscles. Long term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease and even damage to brain nerves. Another effect is that both plants and animals are harmed by pollution cause by some creations. All the effects mentioned above pose a warning of danger for all living things. Humans, as the most intelligent species on earth, are encouraged to be more aware on what they’re doing not just by themselves but also to other creatures. How to cite Technology and Modern Age, Essay examples

Leadership Facilitative Leadership in Social Work Practice

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Facilitative Leadership in Social Work Practice. Answer: Synopsis of Case Study The main purpose of the study is to highlight Enron Company issues in handling current market condition. As per Thomas (2011), Enron filed for bankruptcy in the year 2001 as well as series of enquiries court cases that shake business world as well as public as a whole. This was the only case for wrongdoing like WorldCom, Charter Communications as well as Global Crossing as joined by Enron employees in SEC probes. During the time of bankruptcy, Enron is considered as the seventh largest in and around world based upon turnover as well as future success stories in upcoming years. Enron makes huge sound in coming under crashing down situations. According to Thomas (2011), they brought out the reason behind Enron downfall. They have gathered facts like improper trade practices, corporate culture as well as accounting frauds and ethics in general terms. It requires examining the role of top leaders from Enron debacle in case of providing good insights on resolving unethical practices from eroded culture of Enron. From the case study, it is easy to gather facts that Enron considered as most complex bankruptcy cases in US history. It has devastating effects on thousands of employees as well as investors. As opined by Taylor (2012), Enron aims at key mechanism in alignment with individual as well as corporate goals for employees working under business organization. This particular article explains the Enron Company bankruptcy debacle. It presents the business ethics background as well as leadership mechanisms that affect Enron collapse and eventual bankruptcy at the same time. As per Shaw (2011), it is the systematic analysis; organization culture at Enron demonstrates company culture and ethics among employees working in an organization. Company culture believes in individualism, aggressive cleverness as well as innovation that left Enron Company without any kind of compassionate and responsible leadership. Findings According to Duska, Duska Ragatz (2011), Enron is the biggest failures in and around the world in US. Accounting practices are the real reason to failures for the top leaders and bad leadership management. As per Richardson (2012), researchers brought out various aspects of Enron that leads to failure. This particular aspect includes trading practice at Enron as well as ethics followed at the same time. It renders pure insights for workings of lay and Skilling. It is found that Enron leads to dissolution of accounting firm as destroyed documents charging Enron millions of dollars in consultancy fees in the most appropriate way. As per Banerjee ErcÃÅ'Â §etin, (2012), it is found from the case that Enron face lack of adequate leadership skills within the executives of business organization. It is newly deregulated as well as innovative forum. Enron embraces culture for rewarding aspects for future analysis purpose. It renders negative earnings outlook as well as red flag to investo rs for successful appearance of Enron Company. As opined by Richardson (2013), Investors concerns with stock prices because of excessive selling as well as credit agencies in downgrade of credit rating of Enron Company. Most of the trading partners lose faith in company as well as Enron ability in generating quality earnings as well as low cash flow operations in the near future. It is essential for avoiding unethical practices and entering into web of partnerships as well as employed in increased accounting methods for maintaining investment-grade status. Enron executives mostly feel in performing the right thing for business organization in the upcoming years. As opined by Reed Signorelli (2011), Partnerships boost earnings as well as allow Enron in prospering misplaced card for collapsing Enron house. Stability of Enron house of cards erodes in way of culture attributes for future analysis purpose. Enron forces in announcing more than $390 million earnings with other partnership s in the most appropriate way. Enron case of ethical failure mainly deals with series of questionable business dealings. Strong company leadership requires stock evaluation as far as possible. As opined by Collinson (2011), Enron mainly started firing as declared for bankruptcy. Self-serving Exon eration employs in explaining the current situation as far as possible. There were some accounting issues as well as trading issues and reserve issues at Enron Company. As opined by Mobley, Li Wang (2011), congressional testimony news accounts as well as federal investigations in telling other business activities in certain ways. It insists ways for Enron in assessing cash that performed well as well as discloses shareholders equity in more than $1.2 billion for downgraded Enron debt. Company insiders refer as educated litigator accounting irregularities for future analysis purpose. Discussion Theories of leadership in Alignment with Enron Company It is argued that three leadership theories provide close relationship towards ethical leadership. As opined by Maeda Bermont (2011), theories are transformational leadership theory, authentic leadership theory as well as spiritual leadership theory. There is lot of similarities as well as differences between theories in relations with ethical leadership. These are as follows: Authentic Leadership- It defines authentic leaders who aim at rendering emphasis upon moral, ethics as well as knowledge and strengths. These leaders are aware of perceived qualities at the same time. It mainly promotes altruism, integrity as well as ethical decision-making process. According to Kouzes Posner (2012), differences lie in fact that two theories comes under fact as ethical leaders focus on morality and authentic leaders focus on self-awareness. Spiritual Leadership- It mainly defines spiritual leadership based upon ethics as well as values as applicable in certain religious texts. As opined by Brink (2011), leadership as well as ethical leadership reveals integrity in alignment with work structure as well as other concerns in an effective way. Differences lie in the fact whereby spiritual leadership focuses on hope as well as faith in proper ways. Transformational Leadership- It ensures transformational leadership as leadership style changes in alignment with life of society in operations. It brings about big changes for better lives as well as fruitful representation. As opined by Kouzes Posner (2011), Leadership and ethical leadership depicts altruism, integrity a well as ethical decision-making process. Transformational leaders focus on values as well as vision whereas ethical leaders focus on morality and ethical standards. Ways in which leadership Influences Culture Corporate Leaders encourages rule-breaking policies as well as intimidating aggressive work environment. It is possible from the ethical boundaries at Enron. According to Gallagher (2012), leadership for critical components in organization culture as leaders creates as well as changes organization culture at the same time. This applies in organizational ethical climate at Enron. Leaders use five primary mechanisms in influencing in the organization culture: Attention Reaction to crisis Role Modeling Reward Allocation Criteria for selection as well as dismissal These assumptions encourages behavioral as well as culture norms in and within an organization. Enron Executives uses five mechanisms for culture reinforcement as well as moral flexible opening in ethics degeneration for future analysis purpose. According to Fuda (2012), Enron mainly provides blueprint on how insufficient attention requires in changed leadership as well as culture in management control system. Companies claims in having sophisticated management controls for bringing ultimate effectiveness in highly dependent on organizational culture and leadership at the same time. It depends upon the control infrastructure as under leadership style in bringing operations management control systems in desired form. According to Breshears Volker (2013), Enron culture begins entirely upon radical transformation. It emerges as intellectual capital economy in array of intangible resources as well as sophisticated financial instrument traders for proper information system and expert acc ounting knowledge in the most appropriate way. The first mechanism is attention that captures the issues as well as attention by leaders. It captures attention of greater organization as well as focus mainly on employees for the same. According to ErcÃÅ'Â §etin, Banerjee (2012), Leaders of an organization focus on bottom line as well as employees believe in financial success in leading future business operations in desired form. Executive Integrity suggests ways in focusing for promotion of unrealistic belief for monetary transactions as far as possible. Rules or morality relies upon reducing obstacles in bottom-line financial success in the most appropriate way. Recommendations in Reducing the Unethical Behavior in the Enron Case It is recommended that Enron should have healthy corporate culture as well as reduced unethical practices. In Enron case, culture plays an important role in collapse matters. As per Bowie Schneider (2012), Senior Executives of Enron were optimistic in nature on operating conditions of business organization. They faces failures and losses of company performance as well as covering losses in protecting reputations as by the words of directors of business organization. Conclusion At the end of the study, it is easy to gather facts o Enron case study issues with proper solutions for the same. Enron has become case study in regard with unethical as well as bad leadership that leads to downfall of business corporations in possible ways. Researchers conduct study on understanding the relationship between ethics as well as leadership. Researchers mainly acknowledge the importance of perceiving as moral as well as ethical practices in becoming an effective leader in the near future. It also brings out the ways by which ethics practiced by leaders with respect to subordinates actions. It helps in understanding the fact that Kenneth and Skilling responsible for Enron debacle. Leaders engage in unethical practices for aiming future business activities. Lay was involved in most of the fraudulent partnerships as inflated by overestimated earnings of business organization. Lay and Skilling sells shares of Enron in sustaining practices at Enron. Lay and Skilling creates c ulture of fraud and cheating at Enron for permeated whole business organization. Management should check on the unethical practices among the employees. Business learnt from episodes of Enron and promotion of ethical practices and moral practices in business operations. It takes place emerging trends as well as best practices in guiding leaders in case of ethical dilemma. Most of the companies create position of Chief Ethics Officer in promotion of ethics in an organization. Enron collapse leads to lack of greed as well as ethical leadership as far as possible. Recommendations From the above study, it is found that leadership of Kenneth Lay and Skilling was the main reason for downfall of Enron for the case of unethical behavior in two-leader permeation in business organization. It clearly views at the lack of correct leadership as followed by lay and Skilling. It requires in following policy of money making as elimination of voice as emerged in Enron Company. Leadership Philosophy declares ethics as well as moral responsibilities for prevention of Enron Company. It couples with Enron ethical pronouncements in business operations in selecting the correct path. Leadership inherits for spirited documents in promotion in and within organization. Corporate culture evolves in ethical way in and within Enron Company. Enron code of ethics of Enron Company should maintain strong commitments for communication in respect with integrity as well as excellence as far as possible. It requires little evidence in supporting management modeling for solving values in the mo st appropriate way. Enron leaders should solve serious problem in relation with business transactions as well as concerned with personal rewards for business organization. Strategic partnerships deceive investors in using enormous debt for incurring purpose in the near future. It will serve as message to employees as well as complete disclosures in achieving future long-term obligations in the upcoming years. Enron primary message is to ascertain values by own actions in the most appropriate way. It should follow law as well as concentrate in financial measures as well as creative partnerships in an effective way. This particular arrangement reveals Enron Company for buying as well as selling of assets in keeping credit loan and high stock prices at the same time. Implementation What should be done By whom By when Rough Estimate of costs Estimated Allocated Time Hiring ethical people in and from screening process Human Resource Manager 12th July 2016 $ 1590 2 months Designing effective codes as well as raising awareness at the same time Human Resource Manager 15th July 2016 $ 1290 2 months Developing as well as employing ethical decision-making framework Human Resource Manager 14th July 2016 $ 1880 2 months Ensures concerns with periodic ethics training for employees at all possible levels of business organization Human Resource Manager 25th July 2016 $ 1220 1 month Essential for empowering ethical employees Human Resource Manager 24th July 2016 $ 2290 1 month Reference List Banerjee, S. ErcÃÅ'Â §etin, S. (2012) Chaos, complexity and leadership 2012. Bowie, N. Schneider, M.(2012) Business ethics for dummies. Breshears, E. Volker, R. (2013).Facilitative leadership in social work practice. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Brink, A. (2011).Corporate governance and business ethics. Dordrecht: Springer. Collinson, D. (2011).Leadership. Los Angeles [u.a.]: Sage. Duska, R., Duska, B., Ragatz, J. (2011).Accounting ethics. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. ErcÃÅ'Â §etin, S. Banerjee, S.Chaos, (2012) Complexity and Leadership 2013. Fuda, P. (2012) Leadership transformed. Gallagher, D.(2012) Environmental leadership. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2011).The five practices of exemplary leadership. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2012).The leadership challenge. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Maeda, J. Bermont, B. (2011).Redesigning leadership. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Mobley, W., Li, M., Wang, Y. (2011).Advances in global leadership. Bingley: Emerald. Reed, L. Signorelli, P. (2011).Workplace learning leadership. Chicago: American Library Association. Richardson, J. (2012).Business ethics. Guilford, CT.: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin. Richardson, J. (2013).Business ethics 08/09. Guilford, Conn.: McGraw-Hill/Dushkin. Shaw, W. (2011).Business ethics. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Taylor, S. (2012).Leadership craft, leadership art. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Thomas, R. (2011).Business ethics. Bury St. Edmunds: Ethics International. Thomas, R. (2011).Teaching ethics. Suffolk, U.K.: Ethics International Press.